Now, after quite lengthy historical story the necessity of which becomes evident when one meets with the very definition of Crimean Tatars, we could finally proceed to the last object of our research. And the first thing that we don't need to explain is that those Crimean Tatars that came to Moscow to serve Moscow governors few centuries ago are not Crimean Tatars long ago. They are pure Russians. They became Russians after they were converted to Orthodoxy. Their surnames show nothing but their genealogical origin. That is all.
     The real Crimean Tatars appeared in Moscow relatively recently. They started inhabiting Moscow only in the 20th century. One could say even more definitely: after the revolution in the period of existence of the communist empire. By the way, in the communist time the column religion in the passports of the citizens was replaced by nationality. I think it's clear. You see, the person's nationality depended on his religion. If the religion became outlawed it was replaced by its derivative - nationality. Everything is quite logic. To finish with the topic we were talking about during the whole our story once and for all, let's return to the empire again.
     After the collapse of the communist empire the idea of empire didn't vanish, because Russian people can't live without empire. Empire is its form of existence. Democracy is repugnant to its mentality. That is why if "King dead. Fiat king!" so the slogan "Empire fell. Fiat Empire!" is quite appropriate under the present conditions. Russian empire is reviving again and it could be seen by the naked eye. Everybody who opposes its revival would be "bumped off in the loo".
     As far as Crimean Tatars concerns they appeared outside Russian Empire again. They are very happy about it, because living in this empire for them similar to death. No Russian politician regardless of his views came up with the assurance of the opposite. Though, no politician of pro-Russian orientation looses the opportunity to carry out the frantic anti-Tatar policy in Crimea. And Russia always supports him in this.
     Nevertheless, there are more than twenty thousand Crimean Tatars living in Russia. So it happened: on their way from the exile to Crimea they were stopped and settled next to it waiting for the permission to return to their homeland. When they finally got this permission the economic crisis started and the money saved for purchasing the house were turned into papers. This is the way Crimean Tatars live now: some - already in Crimea in unfinished temporary houses, the others - on the way to Crimea, the rest - in exile yet.
     So, how did Crimean Tatars appear in Moscow?
     Now we would deal with that issue. After establishment of so called Soviet authority, to be precise, the communist regime the Crimean Tatars lost their possibility to immigrate to Turkey to their relatives. There was the notorious iron curtain and the persons who had relatives abroad and kept in touch with them were regarded as spies. Everybody who had time started escaping from Crimea. Those who hadn't time were imprisoned for long terms and the majority of them couldn't stand it remaining "there" forever. The refugees from Crimea who represented the minority tried dissolving in immense Russia. Some of them went to Moscow. Moscow - the biggest city of Russia was the better place to dissolve in. That is why the majority of the refugees headed right to Moscow. One should say that almost all of them escaped repressions having mixed with Muscovians. This group of new Moscowians wasn't made up exclusively of "spies", but the common people from the persecuted classes: the former "exploiters" (in other words, prosperous people), owners of real estate, religious figures, noblemen who accidentally hadn't time to run abroad or escaped Bela Kun's execution, and other "hostile elements".
     In Moscow these people urgently married predominantly Russians and by any way tried to hide their nationality. These are not fantasies and assumptions, but the result of the survey of Crimean Tatar pre-war immigrants.
     The second group of pre-war immigrants from Crimea - the young men as a rule the gifted ones who entered capital's universities in order to increase their educational level. There were quite many of them. Some of them are still alive. They became the prominent scientists, designers, engineers, artists possessing not only academic degrees, but state awards and orders. In spite of their small number Crimean Tatars gave many prominent names to the country which using their talent hided thoroughly their Crimean Tatar origin pretending that it wasn't interested in it, because these people also married Russians camouflaging for Volga Tatars who were never persecuted in Russia. As far as the religious belonging concerns, it was always out of the question, because the whole country was considered atheistic. And finally, it is natural that all these camouflaged Crimean Tatars were the members of the communist party. It was a good cover. One more important detail: the children of these Crimean Tatars had in their passport nationality - Russian. All of them without exclusion!
     This is as far as pre-war generation of immigrants concerns. Many of them, if not the majority of them, died at the war. Only few of them survived. Their children not only called, but even didn't consider themselves Crimean Tatars: so strong was the society's phobia against this nation after May 1944.
     Thus, there are only a few camouflaged Crimean Tatars of pre-war period remained in Moscow. Today they are very elderly people.
     Nevertheless, according to the special census held in January 1991 there are 397 Crimean Tatars in Moscow. It means that almost all Moscowians of Crimean Tatar nationality came to Moscow and registered here already after war. Who were they?
     These are mainly young people who entered Moscow universities. Among them was the author of these lines. However, there were also workers who came from the province to work on unprestige professions such as: builders, plant workers, etc. Though, there were few of them, because in spite of the industry peculiar to this nation Crimean Tatars are more inclined towards mental activity. That is why when the repressed people were allowed receiving higher education (in 1953), Crimean Tatars very soon took the second place (per capita) on the number of educated persons after Jews.
     Of course, the majority of them didn't receive their education in Moscow. Only those who were sure in their abilities went to Moscow. And very few of them left Moscow after graduating from the university. These were Crimean Tatars of Moscow. However, they made up just about one third of the number of Crimean Tatars living in Moscow. The rest arrived at Moscow being already the experts or scientists who were either invited working for the scientific-research or academic institutes of Moscow, or just came and then found the job that corresponded to their profession. The easiest way to take roots in Moscow was to marry the residents of Moscow. Almost all of them did so.
     However, when Crimean Tatars were allowed returning to Crimea their flood to Moscow reduced significantly. It was the period of 80th - 90th of the 20th century. At that period Crimean Tatars returned to Crimea even from Moscow. That is, the number of Moscow Crimean Tatars started reducing. By the middle of the 90th so called the Union of Independent States (SNG) of the collapsed Soviet Union started turning into separate independent states without the word "union". Each of them was developing separately. This process also affected these three major states - Uzbekistan, Russia and Ukraine - where Crimean Tatars are living today caught by the collapse of the communist empire and that is why appeared isolated from each other. The return to Crimea with changing of the citizenship became very difficult, on one side, because of the unwillingness of Uzbekistan to loose the perfect workers and qualified human resources, on the other side, because of unwillingness of Ukraine to solve the issues on restoration of the rights and resettlement of the repatriates. Russia with joy refused from Crimean Tatars declaring that now this is Ukraine's problem, though, it officially acknowledged its succession of all the laws of the Soviet Union. It meant right that what is expressed by the statement: "Communist Empire fell. Fiat Russian Empire!" The only thing that new imperialists can't work out is the idea that could serve as a basis of any empire. Though, it seems like the idea of the revival of Orthodoxy was chosen again, that has to unite Russian people. Though, this idea is waning today, because Russian people is not what it was many centuries ago, first because it was disaccustomed to believe both in Christ and in communism, second there are so many Muslims in Russia today that this idea would appear absolutely baseless, in other words, the empire could fall into peaces if the new idea won't be invented. Thus, the situation with the basis for the reviving empire is very bad today. The ideologists of the empire can't think out anything yet. Neither have they wanted turning people's consciousness to the democratic form of perception. So they stay in the unstable condition.
     Though, let's return to Crimean Tatars in Moscow.
     By the end of the century Moscow faced the flow of Crimean Tatars again. It was already the third wave. Like the first wave of pre-war period it was caused by bad life conditions. If everything would be all right in Crimea nobody will leave it. However, this time it wasn't political escape in order to avoid repressions, but was caused by purely financial reasons. Moscow, in spite of the rest of Russia is the prosperous city. It is not difficult to find the job here. The general unemployment in Crimea accompanied by the economic decline made enterprising Crimean Tatars going abroad. You see, the situation of Crimean Tatars in Crimea far disastrous then the rest of Crimean population that took the return of the indigenous people with hostility, not to say worse. You know, the communist propaganda made the brutish monsters with horned heads of Crimean Tatars in the imagination of Russian immigrants who came to Crimea after the deportation of Crimean Tatars.
     The dull and ignorant lumpens who flood Crimea at that time took this propaganda almost literally. That is why Crimean Tatars returning from exile had to stand up for their right to live on their homeland literally at the cost of terrible inhuman destitution and fighting. Though, they were ready to this. That is why they broke the resistance prepared for them. Though, the genocide started by Russia back two and a half centuries ago goes on until now. The major its generator today became the communist party alive and flourishing in Crimea supported by the leaders of Soviet communism organizing all kinds of pro-Nazi Russian national communities of all that servants that were resettled to Crimea after the "cleansing" of the peninsular of its indigenous people and that lived on very well in Crimean Tatar houses.
     Nowadays Crimean Tatars go to earn money not only to Moscow. You can meet them in Turkey, in Western Europe and America. However, Moscow is nearer, that is why more of them are there. One could definitely say that the next population census would not show 400 persons as it was in 1991, but at least twice as big.
     It is almost impossible for Crimean Tatar to earn big money in Crimea, because being in the oppressed minority they have no power, because they make up only 10 percent, when Russians who hate them - almost 70 percent. And all this power is in their hands. Ukrainians are unable to change anything in Crimea yet. They do not have the full power in Crimea anyway. Crimea is still ruled by Russian communists. They define not only the culture, but the level of life in Crimea. And until they will rule Crimea wouldn't see the economic flourishing. First, because the communists are unable to create the prosperous society, because of their inborn defectiveness, second, because of the dominance in Crimea of Russian communist inclined towards drinking and carelessness. Only after the change of the party's and then national composition in the leadership of Crimea one could hope for the positive changes both in economic and cultural life of Crimea.
     The historical prerequisites for settlement of Moscow by Crimean Tatars determined, voluntarily or not, the selectivity of Crimean Tatar composition of Moscow Diaspora. First, these are predominantly intelligentsia. Secondly, these are gifted and even talented people who achieved in their career good and even outstanding results. That is why we could find among them not only the figures of Russian, but even of a global scale. It was during the whole history of their appearance in Muscovy and Moscow in particular. It doesn't matter that later many of them became Russian scientists, writers, military leaders and the outstanding people of Russia in general. What was important: Crimea gave birth and introduced these talents, and Moscow developed them.
     There was small number of Crimean Tatars in Moscow in Tsarist Russia that from the very beginning set its goal to get rid of this people. However, even in the conditions of the severest genocide when the talents standing, not yet cut down, the Russian writers added to their list A.I. Kuprin calling this baptized Crimean Tatar the national property of Russia. By the way, Kuprin was the product of that passionate push that gave birth to the whole galaxy of outstanding figures of the end of the 19th century (Kudusov, 2001) that were mentioned above (Gasprinsky and others). However, the last developed their talents not in Moscow, that is why we - Russian speaking people do not know them, though all they belonged to the same generation and cultural level.
     Even in communist Russia when the misanthropic Marxist doctrine of class intolerance leaded to physical extermination of all "non-proletarian elements", Crimea kept on supplying the mankind with talents. Namely Refat Fazylovich Appazov - Crimean Tatar was the first ballistician who launched our domestic satellites to the near-earth orbits and working for the famous Constructor Bureau Secret Enterprise Koroleva and was the winner of all possible State awards - laureate of State award of USSR, knight of "Znak Pocheta", Working Red Flag, Lenin's Order, PhD of technical sciences and Professor. Ametkhan Sultan - test-pilot, the prize-winner of State Award, twice Hero of the Soviet Union was also Moscow dweller. His lifetime bronze monument was opened in Alupka that the Crimean authorities opposed vigorously recommending open it in Dagestan, because Ametkhan's father was Lakecian. However, the hero of the war insisted on the right to choose his nationality himself and finally after long years of confrontation get what he wanted: the right to be Crimean Tatar and his monument was opened in Crimea. For his persistence running counter to the party's policy he was finally organized an air crash and that burst in the air was given out for an accident, and he was buried with due honors in 1971 (oral evidences of close relatives).
     Among the pre-war Crimean Tatar Diaspora one could also mention more few persons survived by a miracle after that slaughter that was called the World War Two. This is for example Selimov Midat Abdurakhmanovich who went through the whole war and survived only because he was a doctor and was in charge of the hospital, and stayed in Moscow because of his Moscow wife who accompanied him everywhere during the war. After his post-graduate study he became one of the most outstanding persons of the world becoming the third after Parter and Gamaley in the field of virology of rabies. He died in January 2002.
     Finally, in order not to bother the reader with boring enumeration of the outstanding figures of Crimean Tatar nationally I would mention just one more representative of Crimean Tatar Diaspora of Moscow - Ismail Osmanovich Kurkchy, the first-rate architect, four times state award winner, the holder of numerous medals both for battle service and for designing of such giants as Tolyati automobile factory where he was the Head project architect realizing the tusks of the Soviet Government and "Fiat" Company. Moreover, he was entrusted the designing of the giant metallurgical plant in Bkhilai where he also was the Head architect. He realized many other similar projects in India, Arabia, Brazil, etc. There are even two buildings in Moscow constructed according to his projects. He was famous not only in Moscow and the Soviet Union, but abroad. He died in 1991.
     Analyzing all these three groups of Crimean Tatar Diaspora in Moscow one should note some of its peculiarities. The firs thing that arrests one's attention is its surprising small number, especially taking into consideration the history of this nation that is of the same age as Russian nation and even outnumbers the last one in the period if their forming. When one compare the number of Crimean Tatars living in Moscow today with the representatives of other Diasporas, (only Azerbaijani constitute around one million people) so you feel ill at ease when Crimean Tatars stand next to them: its unpleasant to look like a pigmies.
     The second peculiarity of our Diaspora is purely internal. It is that it is not united, but divided into three groups formed in the process of its development. And these groups live separately from each other and almost do not keep in touch. The peculiarity of the first pre-war group is that it is consisted without exceptions of mixed marriages mainly with Russians. That is why in these families, usually quite large, there is only one person who is Crimean Tatar. The others registered as Russians. This law is without exceptions. There are even cases when Crimean Tatar woman already in Soviet time was baptized and started referring to as Russian. It is natural that this all was not made because of the internal impulse of her soul, but in order to get lost in the crowd of Russians who were ready hunting down the person with the stigma of "traitor" the name that the communist governors gave to all Crimean Tatars without exclusion. So, this group of Crimean Tatar Diaspora carries the strong inferiority complex. In order to survive in this enemy environment they almost all without exclusion were worked over and recruited by KGB (only a few mainly those who carried out the responsible state tusks escaped this recruiting and that is why they were irreplaceable, though lived "under cap"). It became especially evident in the period of inflow of delegations of Crimean Tatars from Central Asia in order to organize mass protests and picket governmental bodies demanding accepting of petition and complaints. No Crimean Tatar took part in these actions. Neither had they taken the delegates of the unendorsed protests to stay in their house. Only when the governmental committees started establishing initiated in the result of the protesters' persistence, then Moscow Crimean Tatars dared to raise their heads.
     The second group of Crimean Tatar Diaspora lacks the fear of the first one, because it developed in the compact communities in exile and from their very childhood were accustomed to the political fight for their civil and political rights. This is not only the most politicized, but the most literate group possessing the highest educational qualification. There are many qualified scientists, first-grade engineers and the first-grade experts in general among them. The majority of them came to Moscow when they were young and settled here firmly, in other words they achieved here the respectable public position. Today they are also elderly people.
     Considering that they originated from the Soviet society and came to Moscow having the dissident experience they were also worked over by the KGB bodies. However, first, the methods of working over were already different, not of Stalin-Beria's kind, second, Crimean Tatars themselves as it's said were already hardened. That is why KGB didn't achieve with the first group of Crimean Tatar such success as with the first one. Nevertheless, KGB applied special measures to those who especially resisted to their influence, in other words, took them to prison. In 1983 one of these selected became the author of these lines.
     One more peculiarity of this group of Diaspora - not all of those who came to Moscow married Russians. This had its consequences: not all their children harried to call themselves Russians, though had all formal rights for this. This tells a lot. I'm sure that the coming national census would confirm these words.
     Finally, the third group of already post-Soviet period. One couldn't say that it is characterized by the lesser political literacy, though it isn't interested in politics so much. The main tusk of this wave of immigrants is the possibility to run business in Moscow or just make money. The second tusk is to receive the first-grade education that could ensure their future. These are mainly young people that is quite natural, because usually young people take a risk. Their parents stayed in Crimea or somewhere next to it. It's quite difficult to say anything definite about this young wave of immigrants from Crimea: they didn't have time to show themselves. But the future belongs to them. Even now one could definitely say that these are gifted people, undoubtedly out of the common ones, and they want to win the world with the help of Moscow, because Crimea is already too small for them. Alas, Crimea today is the remote province and it is already too small for a developing talent. Crimean Tatar Crimea literally yields talents. However, the talents have to develop, but Crimea could give them just an initial spur. Then the communist surrounding characterized by the Philistine level would do nothing but to destroy these talents. That is why the gifted Crimean Tatar youth striving to continue their development outside Crimea. In this respect Moscow is not a single city that accept this enterprising youth. Though, it only benefit from this.